1.英语非谓语选择题

2.非谓语动词作宾语时 动词应如何搭配

3.AIM AT 的用法

4.什么叫动词不定式

5.We must aim at _____ exports.A. increase B. increasing C. increased D. to increase 这题选择什么呢

一、动名词

1．动词后加动名词doing作宾语 （V. + doing sth.）

admit 承认　　reciate 感激,赞赏　oid 避免　 complete 完成　 consider 认为　　　　 delay 耽误　　deny 否认　　　 detest 讨厌　 endure 忍受　　 enjoy 喜欢　　　escape 逃脱　 prevent阻止 fancy 想象　 finish 完成　　 imagine 想象　　 mind 介意　　miss 想念　　　　　　postpone 推迟 practise 训练　 recall 回忆　 resent 讨厌　　　　　 resist 抵抗　 resume 继续　　 risk 冒险

suggest 建议　face 面对　　　　　　 include 包括 stand 忍受　　　understand 理解　　　 forgive 宽恕　keep 继续

2．词组后接doing

admit to　　 prefer…to　　　　　be used to　　　 lead to　　　devote oneself to　 object to　　 stick to　　 busy　　　　 look forward to(to为介词）

pay attention to resort to prior to

he trouble/difficulty (in) doing

spend time (in) doing

no good,　no use,　It's worth…,　 as well as, can't help,　It's no use /good　 be tired of

be fond of　 be capable of　 be afraid of　be proud of　 think of / about　 hold off　　　　

put off　 keep on　 insist on　　count on / upon set about　 be successful in　 good at　　take up give up　　burst out　　prevent … from…　feel like

二、不定式

1．动词后加不定式做宾语

afford　 aim　　 ear　　agree　 arrange　　ask　　　be　　　 decide　bother　　care　　choose　　 come　　　 dare　　 demand　desire　　determine　　　　 expect　　　elect　　endeor　　　　　hope　　　　　　　fail　 hen　 help　　hesitate　learn　 long　　　mean　　 manage　 offer　 ought　　 plan　　prepare　pretend　　 promise　refuse　seem　　 tend　　 wait　　　 wish　　　　 undertake

2．动词后加不定式做宾补

advise　　 allow　　 oint　　 believe　　cause　　 challenge　command　 compel　　consider　 declare　　 drive　　　enable　　encourage　 find　　　 forbid　　 force　　　guess　　 hire　　　　imagine　 impel　　　induce　　 inform　　instruct　　invite　　 judge　　　 know　　　 like　　　order　　　 permit　　persuade　 remind　　 report　　request　　 require　　select　send　　　 state　　 suppose　　 tell　　　 think　 train　　　trust　　 understand　urge　　　 warn

3．动词后加there be不定式做宾语

believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, understand

4．动词后加to be做宾补

Acknowledge, believe, consider,　think,　declare,　discover, fancy,　feel, find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see, show, suppose, take, understand

英语非谓语选择题

1) 动词+ 不定式

afford. aim. ear. agree. arrange . ask . be . decide. bother . care . choose . come. dare. demand. desire. determine . expect. elect . endeor .hope. fail . hen . help . hesitate .learn . long . mean. manage . offer . ought. plan . prepare. pretend . promise. refuse. seem. tend. wait . wish. undertake.

举例：

The driver failed to see the other car in time.

司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

I hen to know the answer to your question.

我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

2）动词+不定式 ；动词+宾语+不定式

ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…

I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。

I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。

I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3） 动词+疑问词+ to

decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell

Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。

There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。

The question is how to put it into practice.

问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

4)以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。

如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,

pretend,promise,refuse,wish 等，这些词大部分可接th at引导的从句。如：

I decided to ask for my money back.

I decided that I would ask for my money back.

When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot.

When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot.

5)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动 词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。如：

We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well.

He feels it his duty to help the poor.

二、作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

advise allow oint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

例句：

a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.

父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

b. We believe him to be guilty.

我们相信他是有罪的。

Find 的特殊用法：

Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，he。

I found him lying on the ground.

I found it important to learn.

I found that to learn English is important.

2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。

Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.

我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

3) to be +形容词

Seem, ear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…

The book is believed to be uninteresting.

人们认为这本书没什么意思。

4) there be+不定式

believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand

We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。

有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.

We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。

Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

三、作主语

动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：

(1)把不定式置于句首。如：

To get there by bike will take us half an hour.

(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：

①It＋be＋名词＋to do

It's our duty to take good care of the old.

②It takes sb+some time+to do

How long did it take you to finish the work?

③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do

It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.

④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do

It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.

⑤It seems(ears)＋形容词＋to do

It seemed impossible to se money.

在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is＋形容词＋to do句式 ，如：It'skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.

(3)举例

1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

It's so nice to hear your voice.

听到你的声音真高兴。

It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。

Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, bre, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。

注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，ear等也可用于此句型

2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。

3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型

(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。

(错)It is to believe to see.

四、作表语

不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。

①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.

②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter.

③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.

当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果（例①）。当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组（例②）时，或以what引导的名词性分句（例③），不定 式说明主语的内容。

④Our work is serving the people.

⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.

⑥The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.

④⑤句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Serving thepeople is our work,而⑥句中是现在分词作 表语，说明主语的性质、状态，现在分词具有形容词的各种特征，另外，动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开 来。

五、作定语

⒈不定式作定语

不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：

①The next train to arrive is from Washington.

②He you anything to be taken to your sister?

③Do you he anything to say on the question?

④Would you please give me some paper to write on?

⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.

不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：

(1)表示将来的动作（例①）。

(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例④）。

(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍 用主动语态（例③）；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态（例②）。

(4)不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句，例①to arrive=that will arrive。

六、作状语

1）目的状语

To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)

He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。

2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。

What he I said to make you angry.

He searched the room only to find nothing.

3) 表原因

I'm glad to see you.

省to 的动词不定式

1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：

2） 使役动词 let, he, make：

3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。

注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。

I saw him dance.

=He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night.

=They were made to work the whole night.

4） 表示个人意愿或倾向的would rather，had better，might(just) as well：rather than置于句首时。

Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bike.

5） Why… / why not…：

6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：

7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。

8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：

9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：

He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。

10）but作介词，后接不定式结构时，前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式时，but后的不定式要省去to，否则要带to。

He wants to do nothing but go out.

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

11）当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and，but或or连接时，后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。但若表示对比、对照关系时，则不能省略。

He wants to move to France and marry the girl.

The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult.

12）不定式做表语时，一般要带to，但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时，符号to可省去。

We've missed the last bus.All we could do now is walk home.

动词不定式的否定式

Tell him not to shut the window…

She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她装没看见。

不定式的特殊句型

1、不定式的特殊句型so as to

1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。

Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.

汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.

轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。

2) so kind as to ---劳驾

Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?

劳驾，现在几点了。

2、 "Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议

"为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"

例如：

Why not take a holiday?

干吗不去度?

3、It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

for 与of 的辨别方法：

用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：

You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。

He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

4、不定式的特殊句型too…to…

1）too…to 太…以至于…

He is too excited to speak.

他太激动了，说不出话来。

---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?

---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too hey for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。

2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为"不太"。

It's never too late to mend. (谚语)

改过不嫌晚。

3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。

I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。

He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。动词不定式的"to"与介词的"to"区别 to 有两种用法：

一为不定式+动词原形；

一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：

admit to承认，confess to承认，be accustomed to 习惯于，be used to 习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意

介词but,except,besides+to do(do)

在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do，后面应接不带to的不定式；如无do，则接to不定式，即带do不带to， 带to不带do。如：

The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.

On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.

动词不定式与动名词区别与联系

1） 动名词与不定式的区别：

动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的 不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的

2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。

3)在下列情况下，一般要用不定式：

①hate,like,love前有would(should)时，如：I'd like to he a cup of coffee.

②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时，如：Thestudents are starting to work on the di fficult maths problem.

③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时，如：I soon began to understand what was hening.

⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语。如：

Our teachers don't permit our/us swimming in the lake.

Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.

4） 部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。

①forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。如：

Don't forget fo post the letter for me.

He you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?

Remember to close the windows before you lee.

I remember writing him a letter a year ago.

We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.

They regretted ordering these books from abroad.

动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：

1 stop to do stop doing

2 forget to do forget doing

3 remember to do remember doing

4 regret to do regret doing

5 cease to do cease doing

6 try to do try doing

7 go on to do go on doing

8 afraid to do afraid doing

9 interested to do interested doing

10 mean to do mean doing

11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing

1 forget doing/to do

forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)

forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)

The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.

办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)

He forgot turning the light off.

他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)

Don't forget to come tomorrow.

别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)

2 stop doing/to do

stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。

stop doing 停止做某事。

They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。

I must stop smoking.. 我必须戒烟了。

3 remember doing/to do

remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)

remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)

Remember to go to the post office after school.

记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before?

你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

4 regret doing/to do

regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 (未做)

regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。 (已做)

I regret to he to do this, but I he no choice.

我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。

I don't regret telling her what I thought.

我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。

5 cease doing/to do

cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。

cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。

That department has ceased to exist forever.

那个部门已不复存在。

The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.

姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。

6 try doing/to do

try to do 努力，企图做某事。

try doing 试验，试着做某事。

You must try to be more careful.

你可要多加小心。

I tried gardening but didn't succeed.

我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。

7 go on doing/to do

go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。

go on doing 继续做原来做的事。

After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.

做完数学后，他接着去做物理。

Go on doing the other exercise after you he finished this one.

作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习

8 be afraid doing/to do

be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"；

be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。

She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being

bitten by a snake.

她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。

She was afraid to wake her husband.

她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。

She was afraid of waking her husband.

她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

.9 be interested doing/to do

interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。

interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。

I shall be interested to know what hens.

我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解)

I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you he any idea about that?

我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (一种想法)

10 mean to doing/to do

mean to do 打算、想

mean doing 意味着

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.

我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.

赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

11 begin(start) doing/to do

begin / start to do sth

begin / start doing sth.

1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.

How old were you when you first started playing the piano?

你几岁时开始弹钢琴？

2) begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do

I was beginning to get angry。

我开始生起气来。

3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to

do。

I begin to understand the truth。

我开始明白真相。

4) 物作主语时

It began to melt.

非谓语动词作宾语时 动词应如何搭配

C 根据短语be transformed into 被转变为...被动

非谓语 主语相同，谓语是be,要把后面的主语和谓语都省略掉

后面aim to do,与句子主语是主动关系，所以是aiming

非谓语，如果是被动用过去分词，主动用现在分词

AIM AT 的用法

下列动词或词组后面都可以接doing:

admit 承认

reciate 感激

oid 避免

complete完成

consider认为

delay 耽误

deny 否认

detest 讨厌

endure 忍受

enjoy 喜欢

escape 逃脱

fancy 想象

finish 完成

imagine 想象

mind 介意

miss 想念

postpone推迟

practice 训练

recall 回忆

resent 讨厌

resume 继续

resist 抵抗

risk 冒险

suggest 建议

face 面对

include 包括

stand 忍受

understand 理解

forgive 宽恕

keep 继续

例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗

The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。

admit to

prefer…to

be used to

lead to

devote oneself to

object to

stick to

no good

no use

be fond of

look forward to

be proud of

be busy

can't help

be tired of

be capable of

be afraid of

think of

burst out

keep on

insist on

count on

set about

put off

be good at

take up

give up

be successful in

下列动词或词组都可以用不定式：

afford

aim

agree

arrange

ask

decide

bother

care

choose

demand

desire

determine

elect

endeor

hope

fail

help

learn

long 渴望

mean

manage

offer

plan

pretend

refuse

tend

undertake

expect

hate

intend

例如：

The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。

需要省略to的不定式的情况有：

1） 情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后。

2） 使役动词 let, he, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。

注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如：

I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。

=He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。

=They were made to work the whole night.

3） would rather，had better句型后

4） Why… / why no…句型后

5） help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth：

6） but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。

比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。

7） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：

8） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。例如：

He is supposed （to be） nice. 他应该是个好人。

一些重要的区分：

1) stop doing/to do

stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事，stop doing 停止做某事。例如：

They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。

I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。

2)forget doing/to do

forget to do 忘记要去做某事，forget doing 忘记做过某事。例如：

The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）

He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）

3)remember doing/to do

remember to do 记得去做某事，remember doing 记得做过某事。例如：

Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

4)regret doing/to do

regret to do 对将要做的事遗憾，regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如：

I regret to he to do this, but I he no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。

I don't regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。

5)cease doing/to do

cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事，cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。例如：

That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复存在。

The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天

6)try doing/to do

try to do 努力，企图做某事，try doing 试验，试着做某事。例如：

You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。

I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。

7)go on doing/to do

go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing 继续做原来做的事。例如：

After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。

Go on doing the other exercise after you he finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习

8)be afraid doing/to do

be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"，be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。例如：

She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.

她生怕被蛇咬着，不敢在草丛中再走一步。

She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。

She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

9)be interested doing/to do

interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事，interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。例如：

I shall be interested to know what hens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。（想了解）

I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you he any idea about that?

我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? （一种想法）

10) mean to doing/to do

mean to do 打算、想，mean doing 意味着。例如：

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着增加购买力。

11)begin（start） doing/to do

begin / start to do sth /begin / start doing sth.

a） 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing。例如：

How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？

b） begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do。例如：

I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。

c） 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。例如：

I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。

d） 事物作主语时。例如：

The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了

12)感官动词 + doing/to do

感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，+doing 表示动作的进行性。例如：

I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调"我看见了"这个事实）

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

什么叫动词不定式

这个句子的前部分有了动词paid，逗号后面是简单的谓语+宾语结构，aim应该要用ing形式。

不用ing形式而用ed的结构：did A，did B and did C。

We must aim at _____ exports.A. increase B. increasing C. increased D. to increase 这题选择什么呢

概述

动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由“to + 动词原形”构成。具有动词，名词，形容词，副词的特征。在句子中可以作主语，宾语，补语，表语，定语，状语等。不定式有时态和语态的变化。

动词不定式的语法

作主语：动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种，

1. 把不定式置于句首。如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

2. 用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。

（1）It + be + 名词 +to do （2）It takes sb.+some time +to do

（3）It + be +形容词 + for sb . + to do

（4）It + be +形容词 + of sb . + to do

（5）It seems（ears）+ 形容词 + to do 如：It seems necessary to mark a plan for this course of study. 制定学习这门课程的是必要的。

作宾语：1. 跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：afford，aim，ear，agree，arrange，ask，decide，bother，care，choose，come，dare，demand，desire，determine，expect，endeor，hope，fail，hen，help，hesitate，learn，long，mean，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，seem，tend，wait，want，wish，undertake等。如：He decides to go abroad. 他决定出国。

2. 用“ 疑问句 + to + 动词原形 ”结构作宾语的动词有：decide，know，consider，forget，learn，remember，show，understand，see，wonder，hear，find out，explain，tell 等。如：Please show us how to do that. 请给我们演示如何去做。

3. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语 it 代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语 + 动词 + it + 补语 + to do 句式。如：We think it important for us to learn a foreign language well. 我们认为学好一门外语对我们很重要。

作宾语补足语和主语补足语1. 表示感觉的动词通常跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。这些动词有：see，hear，look at，watch，notice，observe，feel 等。如：I heard she open the door. 我听见她打开了门。

2. 使役动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式。如：get sb. to do sth. lee sb. to do sth. 通常要加 to，只有he，let，make 等跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：You don't he to make Paul learn. He always works hard. 你不用勉强保罗学习，他总是很努力的。

3. 在被动结构中，原来的宾语补足语成了主语补足语。所有的主语补足语要带不定式符号 to。如：He was often heard to read English. 人们经常听见他读英语。

作表语：不定式可放在 be 动词或其他连系动词后面，作表语。当主语部分出现实义动词 do 或 do 的其他形式如 to do，did 等时，作表语的不定式常不带 to 。如：The only thing to do is write to him. 唯一可做的事就是给他写信。

作定语：1. 表示将来的动作。如：I he many letters to type. 我有许多信要打。

2. 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词。如：Please give me some books to read. 请给我一些书读。

3. 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其他词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍用主动语态；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态。如：In English study，we still he a long way to go. 在英语学习方面，我们还有很长的路要走。

作目的状语：在表示目的时，常由 to 引导，还可以用 in order to 和 so as to（不放在句首）引导。如：To succeed，you must first of all believe in yourself. 要想成功，你首先必须相信自己。

作结果状语：在表示结果时，还可以用 so···as to ···，such···as to ···，enough ···to ···，only to ···及 too ··· to···等结构。如：The child is old enough to dress himself. 这小孩这么大了，可以自己穿衣服了。

作原因状语：表示原因的动词不定式通常要带 to ，并跟在 hy，glad，sad，frightened等表示心理感受的形容词后。如：I'm sorry to hear that. 很抱歉听到这件事。

不定式主动形式和被动形式：不定式的主动形式有四种：一般式，完成式，进行式和完成进行式。被动形式有两种变化：一般式和完成式。如：The book is said to he been translated into many languages. 据说，这本书已被译成多种语言。

不带 “ to ” 的不定式的几种情况1. 在口语中，以 why 开头的疑问句中。如：Why not go out for a walk？为什么不去散散步呢？

2. 不定式在感官，使役动词后面作宾语时，通常省去 to。（不定式在help后作宾语可带也可不带 to） 如：She helped her mother （to）prepare for supper . 她帮助母亲做晚餐

3. do anything（或 nothing，everything）but （或 except）结构中。如：Last night I did nothing but watch TV. 昨晚，我除了看电视，别的什么也没干。

4. 在 had better，Would rather 等习惯用法中。如：Since she is angry，we had better lee her alone. 既然她生气了，我们最好别惹她。

We must aim at _____ exports.A. increase B. increasing C. increased D. to increase 这题选择什么呢?

答：选择什么，首先要知道这句表要表达什么。

有aim at sth. 和aim at doing sth. 的说法。意为“对准”，“瞄准”，如果是“目的在于”，则这个must用词不当。

本句中的sth.=exports 意为“出口”。前面的要么是非谓语动词作前置定语，排除AD。就是BC之一。B为现在分词，表示“不断增长的”，C为过去分词，表示“已经增长了的”。

第二个句型就是aim at后跟动名词短语doing sth.作宾语，只有一个选择，那就是B了。

如果是这个答案，这题未免太简单了一点。

经过试译：我们一定要瞄准不断增长的出口。（B） 和 我们一定要瞄准已经增长的出口 （C）都不通顺。

B。动名词理解：我们一定要致力于增加出口。

所以答案是B。

看题句这么短，不象是高考题。从词汇上看，又不象是初中题。高一题，自测题吧。